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Objective: Shed light on the experiences and determinants of young people's and adolescents' participation in formal participation mechanisms during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Chile. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, within the constructivist research paradigm. Three focus groups were conducted with key informants: young people and adolescents who regularly participate in advisory councils of Chile's Ministry of Health (MINSAL). Content analysis was applied for theoretical and emerging categories in the study. The reports were transcribed and studied with data analysis and hermeneutics. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, between the months of March and November 2021. Results: During the pandemic, adolescents' and young people's experiences of health participation were affected; however, formal participation mechanisms such as advisory councils allowed for continuity. In this context and based on their experiences, young people and adolescents highlighted some factors that facilitated or limited their participation at three levels: individual, relational, and structural. They highlighted virtual communication, use of social networks, and digital health as excellent tools for the participation of young people and adolescents during the pandemic in Chile. Conclusion: The pandemic affected the participation mechanisms used by young people and adolescents in Chile; however, among the experiences highlighted by young people, aspects that facilitated participation emerged, such as virtual communication, digital health, and other strategies. At the same time, some gaps in health participation widened during this global health crisis, such as access mainly in rural populations.
Objetivo: Divulgar as experiências e determinantes da participação dos jovens e adolescentes em mecanismos formais de participação durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 no Chile. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, ligado ao paradigma construtivista de pesquisa. Foram realizados 3 grupos focais com informantes-chave: jovens e adolescentes que participam regularmente dos conselhos consultivos do Ministério da Saúde do Chile. Foi aplicada a técnica de análise de conteúdo para as categorias teóricas e emergentes do estudo. Os relatos foram transcritos e estudados com técnicas de análise de dados e hermenêutica. Este estudo foi realizado durante a pandemia de COVID-19, entre os meses de março e novembro de 2021. Resultados: Durante a pandemia, as experiências de participação de adolescentes e jovens na saúde foram afetadas, porém os mecanismos formais de participação, como os conselhos consultivos, permitiram sua continuidade. Nesse contexto, os jovens e adolescentes, em suas experiências, destacaram alguns fatores que facilitaram ou limitaram a participação, conforme três níveis de gestão: individual, relacional e estrutural. A comunicação virtual, o uso das redes sociais e a saúde digital destacaram-se como excelentes ferramentas para a participação de jovens e adolescentes em tempos de pandemia no Chile. Conclusão: A pandemia afetou os mecanismos de participação de jovens e adolescentes no Chile. No entanto, dentro das experiências destacadas pelos jovens, surgiram aspectos como comunicação virtual, saúde digital e outras estratégias que facilitaram a participação. Por outro lado, nessa crise de saúde mundial, aumentaram algumas lacunas na participação em saúde, como o acesso, principalmente em populações rurais.
ABSTRACT
The Faculty of Health Sciences at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Barcelona, Spain) was officially designated a 'World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre in eHealth' on 5 April 2018. The Centre aims to provide support to countries willing to develop new telemedicine services; to promote the use of eHealth; and to study the adoption and use of mobile health in countries of both the Region of the Americas and Europe. On 11 March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic given the significant increase in the number of cases worldwide. Since then, the Centre has played an important role in addressing COVID-19 by undertaking fruitful cooperative activities. Lockdowns and social distancing in response to the high contagion rate of COVID-19 were the main triggers for a challenging digital transformation in many sectors, especially in healthcare. In this extreme crisis scenario, the rapid adoption of digital health solutions and technological tools was key to responding to the enormous pressure on healthcare systems. Telemedicine has become a necessary component of clinical practice for the purpose of providing safer patient care, and it has been used to support the healthcare needs of COVID-19 patients and routine primary care patients alike. This article describes the Centre's contribution to the work of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and WHO in supporting Latin American and European countries to develop new telemedicine services and guidance on how to address COVID-19 through digital health solutions. Future actions are also highlighted.
La Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Barcelona, España) fue oficialmente designada centro colaborador de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el ámbito de la salud digital (también denominada "cibersalud" o "eSalud") el 5 de abril del 2018. El centro está destinado a prestar apoyo a los países que deseen crear nuevos servicios de telemedicina, promover el uso de la salud digital, y estudiar la adopción y el uso de la salud móvil en países de la Región de las Américas y Europa. El 11 de marzo del 2020 la OMS declaró la COVID-19 una pandemia mundial dado el aumento significativo del número de casos en todo el mundo. Desde entonces, el centro ha desempeñado un papel importante en la respuesta a la COVID-19 mediante la realización de fructíferas actividades de cooperación. Los confinamientos y el distanciamiento social en respuesta a la alta tasa de contagio de la COVID19 fueron los principales desencadenantes de una compleja transformación digital en muchos sectores, especialmente en la atención de salud. En esta situación de crisis extrema, la rápida adopción de soluciones digitales y herramientas tecnológicas fue clave para dar respuesta a la enorme presión sobre los sistemas de salud. La telemedicina se ha convertido en un componente necesario de la práctica clínica con el fin de proporcionar una atención más segura a los pacientes, y se ha empleado para apoyar las necesidades de atención de salud de los pacientes con COVID-19 así como los pacientes habituales de los servicios de atención primaria. En este artículo se describe la contribución del centro a la labor de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y la OMS al prestar apoyo a los países de América Latina y Europa en la creación de nuevos servicios de telemedicina y brindar orientación sobre cómo abordar la COVID-19 con soluciones digitales de salud. También se destacan las acciones futuras.
A Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Barcelona, Espanha) foi oficialmente designada, em 5 de abril de 2018, "Centro Colaborador da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em eSaúde". O centro tem como objetivo prestar apoio aos países dispostos a desenvolver novos serviços de telemedicina; promover o uso da eSaúde, ou saúde digital; e estudar a adoção e o uso da saúde móvel em países da Região das Américas e da Europa. Em 11 de março de 2020, a OMS declarou a COVID-19 como pandemia global, dado o aumento significativo do número de casos no mundo inteiro. Desde então, o centro tem desempenhado um papel importante no enfrentamento da COVID-19, empreendendo atividades frutíferas de cooperação. Os lockdowns e o distanciamento social em resposta à alta taxa de contágio da COVID-19 foram os principais desencadeadores de uma transformação digital desafiadora em muitos setores, especialmente na área da saúde. Neste cenário de crise extrema, a rápida adoção de soluções digitais de saúde e ferramentas tecnológicas foi fundamental para responder à enorme pressão sobre os sistemas de saúde. A telemedicina se tornou um componente necessário da prática clínica, com o objetivo de oferecer um atendimento mais seguro aos pacientes, e tem sido usada para apoiar as necessidades de saúde tanto dos pacientes com COVID-19 como dos pacientes da atenção primária de rotina. Este artigo descreve a contribuição do centro para o trabalho da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) e da OMS no apoio aos países latino-americanos e europeus para desenvolver novos serviços de telemedicina e orientação sobre como enfrentar a COVID-19 por meio de soluções de saúde digitais. Ações futuras também são destacadas.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic brought many changes and challenges to health professionals, due to a lack of knowledge when dealing with the disease, fear of contagion, and the sequelae that characterize long COVID. To deal with this situation, respiratory rehabilitation programs are recommended in face-to-face and/or telerehabilitation modalities. (1) Background: This study had as its primary aim identifying the aspects/components to be considered in the planning and implementation of telerehabilitation interventions that guarantee transitional care for people with long COVID-19 after hospitalization and as a secondary aim identifying the positive aspects of telerehabilitation. (2) Methods: The method used to answer the research question was a focus group, carried out online with eight nurses specialized in rehabilitation nursing. The answers to the semi-structured interview were subjected to content analysis, and qualitative data analysis software (WebQDA®) was used to organize and analyze the findings. (3) Results: Four categories emerged from the content analysis: coordination between care levels; transitional care telerehabilitation intervention; advantages of telerehabilitation; and opportunities. (4) Conclusions: These findings make an important contribution to the reorganization of transitional care, allowing the identification of central aspects to be considered in the planning and implementation of telerehabilitation programs for people with long COVID.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Nurses , Telerehabilitation , Transitional Care , Humans , Pandemics , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome , Portugal , Disease Progression , PerceptionABSTRACT
The COVID-19 health emergency prompted the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health systems. Concepts such as telehealth and telemedicine began to gain greater relevance. Therefore, the article objective is to describe the importance of telehealth in Colombia, the value and relevance it has acquired during the COVID-19 situation and to contrast it with similar experiences in different countries. For this purpose, a narrative review of the literature was carried out, using the terms (DeCs/MeSH) "telemedicine", "Colombia", "COVID-19", "Information Technology", "eHealth Strategies", in the medical databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and SciELO. Thirty-four documents corresponding to the period 2010-2020 were selected. From them, a narrative synthesis was produced, organized in four categories: telehealth basic concepts, telehealth in Colombia, telehealth in Colombia during COVID-19 and international telehealth experiences. Telehealth already occupied an important field in medical assistance on an international level;with health emergency, the systems were improved and their coverage expanded. In Colombia, telehealth has been regulated since 2007 and the pandemic provided an opportunity to modify existing legislation and include new services to respond to the situation. In conclusion, facing a high risk of contagion, Colombia adjusted its public policies to ensure continuity in the provision of health services and guarantee access to healthcare by reducing the risks of face-to-face healthcare. © 2022, Centro Nacional de Informacion de Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.